magento使用xml描述layout，layout上的两大元素单元有Container和Block。整个页面都由block组成，block应该包含视图逻辑代码与模板。但大多数简单的block元素，可以使用magento提供的基类。
常用LAYOUT调整元素
<page xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
<body>
<!-- 通过layout可以修改title -->
<referenceBlock name="page.main.title">
<action method="setPageTitle">
<argument translate="true" name="title" xsi:type="string">Page Title</argument>
</action>
</referenceBlock>
<!-- container将声明容器，block必须放在container内 -->
<container name="div.sidebar.additional" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-additional" after="div.sidebar.main">
<container name="sidebar.additional" as="sidebar_additional" label="Sidebar Additional"/>
</container>
<!-- referenceContainer对已存在容器进行改造 -->
<referenceContainer name="sidebar.additional">
<!-- block将声明区块 -->
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Template" name="catalog.compare.sidebar"
template="Magento_Catalog::product/compare/sidebar.phtml">
<!-- action将直接调用block class中的方法 -->
<action method="setText">
<argument name="text" translate="true" xsi:type="string">Text</argument>
</action>
<!-- arguments是block class的属性列表，从于从XML传递参数到class -->
<arguments>
<!-- cache生命周期 -->
<argument name="cache_lifetime" xsi:type="number">84600</argument>
</arguments>
</block>
<!-- referenceBlock对已存在block进行改造，例如删除它，或修改arguments -->
<referenceBlock name="catalog.compare.sidebar" remove="true" />
<!-- move移动元素 -->
<move element="name.of.an.element" destination="name.of.destination.element" as="new_alias" after="name.of.element.after" before="name.of.element.before"/>
</referenceContainer>
</body>
</page>引用模板
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Template" name="header.customer.section" template="Magento_Theme::html/container.phtml">
<arguments>
<argument name="title" translate="true" xsi:type="string">Header Account Section</argument>
<argument name="item_class" xsi:type="string">header-account</argument>
</arguments>
</block>链接组，可以包住若干个链接
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Html\Links" name="header.customer.links.login">
<arguments>
<argument name="css_class" xsi:type="string">nav items</argument>
</arguments>
<!-- 有高亮效果的链接 -->
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Html\Link\Current" name="header.customer.link.info">
<arguments>
<argument name="label" xsi:type="string" translate="true">Account Information</argument>
<argument name="path" xsi:type="string">customer/account/edit</argument>
</arguments>
</block>
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Html\Link\Current" name="header.customer.link.logout">
<arguments>
<argument name="label" xsi:type="string">Logout</argument>
<argument name="path" xsi:type="string">customer/account/logout</argument>
</arguments>
</block>
</block>一般链接
<block class="Infinity\View\Block\Element\Html\Link" name="header.search.link">
<arguments>
<argument name="item_class" xsi:type="string">block-search</argument>
<argument name="data-popup-block" xsi:type="string" translate="false">popupSearch</argument>
<argument name="class" xsi:type="string" translate="false">search-link</argument>
<argument name="label" xsi:type="string" translate="true">Search</argument>
<argument name="path" xsi:type="string" translate="false">#search_mini_form</argument>
</arguments>
</block>文本，一般用于配合动态前端需求
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Text" name="tablet.toggle.nav">
<arguments>
<argument name="title" translate="true" xsi:type="string">Toggle Nav</argument>
<argument name="item_class" xsi:type="string">action nav-toggle</argument>
<argument name="data_action" xsi:type="string">toggle-nav</argument>
<argument name="text" xsi:type="string"><![CDATA[<!-- Toggle Nav -->]]></argument>
</arguments>
</block>引用CMS Block
<block class="Magento\Cms\Block\Block" name="footer_links_block">
<arguments>
<argument name="block_id" xsi:type="string">footer_links_block</argument>
</arguments>
</block>product属性
<block class="Magento\Catalog\Block\Product\View\Description" name="product.info.sku" template="product/view/attribute.phtml">
<arguments>
<argument name="at_call" xsi:type="string">getSku</argument>
<argument name="at_code" xsi:type="string">sku</argument>
<argument name="css_class" xsi:type="string">sku</argument>
<argument name="at_label" xsi:type="string">SKU:</argument>
<argument name="add_attribute" xsi:type="string">itemprop="sku"</argument>
</arguments>
</block>container, 会输出包含的所有元素
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Template" template="Magento_Theme::html/container.phtml">
</block>collapsible, 对包含元素带展开效果
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Template" name="customer_account_navigation_block" template="Magento_Theme::html/collapsible.phtml" before="-">
<arguments>
<argument name="block_title" translate="true" xsi:type="string">Account Dashboard</argument>
<argument name="block_css" xsi:type="string">block-collapsible-nav</argument>
</arguments>
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Html\Links" name="customer_account_navigation" before="-">
<arguments>
<argument name="css_class" xsi:type="string">nav items</argument>
</arguments>
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Html\Link\Current" name="customer-account-navigation-account-link">
<arguments>
<argument name="label" xsi:type="string" translate="true">Account Dashboard</argument>
<argument name="path" xsi:type="string">customer/account</argument>
</arguments>
</block>
</block>
</block>sections，对每个包含元素带tags效果
可通过group_behaviour修改效果
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Template" name="navigation.sections" template="Magento_Theme::html/sections.phtml">
<arguments>
<argument name="group_name" xsi:type="string">navigation-sections</argument>
<argument name="group_css" xsi:type="string">nav-sections</argument>
</arguments>
<block class="Magento\Framework\View\Element\Template" name="store.menu" group="navigation-sections" template="Magento_Theme::html/container.phtml">
<arguments>
<argument name="title" translate="true" xsi:type="string">Menu</argument>
</arguments>
</block>
</block>